Immigration Enforcement Affected Both Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Families Across the US in 2025
Hamutal Bernstein, Dulce Gonzalez, Diana Guelespe, Urban Institute (April 8, 2026)
This analysis finds that nearly half of Americans aware of immigration enforcement in their communities feared ICE contact in 2025, with ripple effects extending beyond immigrant families — including children experiencing emotional distress, adults avoiding essential activities, and families forgoing public benefits.
